pg 155, recap questions.
Q1. The internal threats the Chinese faced were Natural Disasters like floods and famines, Civil Wars and Rebellion.

pg 158, recap questions.
Q1. The internal threats were Natural Disasters like volcanic eruptiond, Succession Disputes, Warfare and Rebellion, and Piracy.

pg 161, recap questions.
Q1. They all faced Natural Disasters and Rebellion.

pg 174, recap questions.
Q1.The measures were forming a tribute system, building physical barriers and developing advanced weapons.

pg 177, recap questions.
Q1. The external threats that they faced were rivalry between kingdoms and foreign invasions.

pg 181, recap questions.
Q2. Ancient people built physical barriers and armies and invented weapons to protect themselves against invaders. Rulers established friendships with other rulers. Foreign invaders adopted the culture of the local people and lessons from the past.

Q1.What inference can you make from study the map about Mauryan dynasty?
-Advanced technology that helped traders travel long distances.
-The towns and cities were located not very far apart from each other.
-The towns and cities were located near rivers.

Q2.What were the result of these interactions?
There was good relationship between the cities that allowed them to trade for raw materials more easily and also borrow ideas from one another to aid in each country's development and expansion in both economy and peace.

what happened c.1500 BCE?

The Shang ruled in city-states which were, in turn, ruled over by a capital city. This capital was never fixed; as power shifted, individual city-states would become the capital. The king seems to have served many of the same functions that kings served in other cultures: he was a kind of head priest, the leader of the military aristocracy, and in charge of the economy. Warfare was very common among the Shang cities. At times the cities would battle one another, but on the whole warfare was directed at the non-urbanized populations in northern China.

Religion,

The Shang worshipped a figure they called "Shang Ti," or "Lord on High." This supreme god ruled over lesser gods of the sun, the moon, the wind, the rain, and other natural forces and places. Shang-Ti also regulated human affairs as well as ruling over the material universe. This dual function would, in the Chou dynasty, be attributed to a more abstract figure, "t'ien," or "Heaven." The Shang also believed that their ancestors dwelled in heaven after their death and continued to show an interest in their family and descendants. The obligations within the family included, therefore, the ancestors. Failing in one's duties to the ancestors could bring all sorts of disaster on a family. All of these divine and semi-divine figures, from Shang-Ti to a family's ancestors, were sacrificed to. However, we know little of the nature or the frequency of these sacrifices. We do know, however, that in the Chou dynasty only the king could sacrifice to Shang-Ti; it is highly likely that Shang-Ti was the "local god" of the Shang kings who was subsequently elevated in order to elevate the Shang themselves. The one disturbing fact of Shang sacrifice is that it certainly involved humans; slaves and prisoners of war were often sacrificed by the hundreds when a king died. Lesser numbers were sacrificed at the founding of a palace or temple.

Bathing Platform,
why is it there, who were there, how was it there, when was it there, how to use it.

The great bath,
why people want to bathe in it, how people bathe there, when do they use it, what do people do there, why is it so big.

-What was necessary to ensure that such advancement was possible?
modification and improvements from the past.
-how was the civilisation able to survive for almost 1000 years? What was necessary for this to happen?
They had a granary to store grains such is barley, wheat and oat.

Occupation,
1.farmers - to farm the land and plant crops to earn money.
2.craftsmen - to make handicrafts to sell and earn money.
3.merchants - to trade with people and buy/sell items.
4.chiefs - guide and help the empire/ kingdom.
5.kings - help th emperor/ run the kingdom.
6.emperors - rule the empire.

Recap qn page 23,
1. wht are primary& secondary sources?
primary sources are info provided by people who were involved in historical events or who witnessed the events.
2.how do historians make sure tht their sources are reliable?
by credibility, consistency, and corroboration.
3.why & when is it necessary for historians to revise their interpretations of past events?
when evaluatiing evidence.